Potassium chlorate
Potassium chlorate is an inorganic compound with formula KClO3.
- 1Names
- 2Formulae and structures
- 3Properties
- 4Constituents
- 5Thermodynamic properties
- 6Solubility
- 7Hazards
- 8Preparations
- 9Chemical reactions
- 10References
- 11Related substances
- 12Related categories
Names
List of substance names
- Typical name
- Potassium chlorate
- Compositional nomenclature
- Potassium chlorate
- Additive nomenclature
- Potassium trioxidochlorate(1−)
- Other names
- Potcrate
Formulae and structures
List of formulae
- Typical formula
- KClO3
- Compositional formula
- KClO3
- Structural formula
- Structural formula with no lone pair
- Other structural formulas
- Lewis structure
- Colored Lewis structure
Properties
List of substance properties
Constituents
Constituent ions
| Ion | Name | Charge number | Number |
|---|---|---|---|
| K+ | Potassium ion | 1 | 1 |
| ClO3− | Chlorate ion | -1 | 1 |
Constituent atoms
| Atom | Name | Oxidation state | Number |
|---|---|---|---|
| K | Potassium | +1 | 1 |
| Cl | Chlorine | +5 | 1 |
| O | Oxygen | −2 | 3 |
Ratio of atoms
| Atom | Atomic weight | Number | Atomic ratio | Weight ratio |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | 39.0983 | 1 | 20.00% | 31.91% |
| Cl | 35.45 | 1 | 20.00% | 28.93% |
| O | 15.999 | 3 | 60.00% | 39.17% |
Thermodynamic properties
Phase transition properties
- Enthalpy of fusion
- –
- Enthalpy of vaporization
- –
- Enthalpy of vaporization at 25°C
- –
- Enthalpy of other transition
- –
Standard thermodynamic properties
State | Standard enthalpy of formation ΔfH° kJ · mol−1 | Standard Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG° kJ · mol−1 | Standard molar entropy S° J · K−1 · mol−1 | Standard molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp° J · K−1 · mol−1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crystalline solid | −397.73[3] | −296.25[3] | 143.1[3] | 100.25[3] |
| Ionized aqueous solution | −356.35[3] | −291.22[3] | 264.8[3] | – |
Solubility
Qualitative solubility
Solubility in water (g/100 g)[1]
| 0°C | 10°C | 20°C | 30°C | 40°C | 60°C | 80°C | 90°C | 100°C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.3 | 5.2 | 7.3 | 10.1 | 13.9 | 23.8 | 37.6 | 46 | 56.3 |
Solubility in water (g/100 g)[4]
| 0°C | 10°C | 15°C | 20°C | 25°C | 30°C | 40°C | 50°C | 60°C | 80°C | 100°C | 104°C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.3 | 5 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 8.8 | 10.5 | 14 | 19.3 | 24.5 | 38.5 | 57 | 60 |
Solubility in water (g/100 g)[4]
| 0°C | 10°C | 20°C | 25°C | 30°C | 40°C | 50°C | 60°C | 70°C | 80°C | 90°C | 100°C | 120°C | 136°C | 190°C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.3 | 5 | 7.1 | 8.6 | 10.1 | 14.5 | 19.7 | 26 | 32.5 | 39.6 | 47.5 | 56 | 73.7 | 99 | 183 |
Solubility in water (g/100 g)[4]
| 0°C | 10°C | 20°C | 25°C | 30°C | 40°C | 50°C | 60°C | 70°C | 80°C | 90°C | 100°C | 120°C | 136°C | 190°C | 330°C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.14 | 4.45 | 7.22 | 8.17 | 9.26 | 13.31 | 17.95 | 23.42 | 29.16 | 36.93 | 46.11 | 55.54 | 73.7 | 98.5 | 183 | 2930 |
Solubility in glycerol (g/100 g)[4]
| 16°C |
|---|
| 3.54 |
Solubility in ethylene glycol (g/100 g)[4]
| 25°C |
|---|
| 0.9 |
Solubility curve (g/100 g)
Hazards
GHS label[5]
- Hazard pictograms
- Signal word
- Danger
- Hazard statements
- H272: May intensify fire oxidizer
- H302: Harmful if swallowed
- H316: Causes mild skin irritation
- H320: Causes eye irritation
- H371: May cause damage to organs
- H371: May cause damage to kidney
- H371: May cause damage to blood system
- H335: May cause respiratory irritation
- H402: Harmful to aquatic life
- H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects
Physical hazards[5]
Health hazards[5]
Environmental hazards[5]
Preparations
Reaction of acid and base
The reaction of chloric acid and potassium hydroxide yields potassium chlorate and water.
Reaction of basic oxide and acid
The reaction of potassium oxide and chloric acid yields potassium chlorate and water.
Reaction of salt of weak acid and strong acid
The reaction of salt of weak acid and strong acid can yield potassium chlorate.
Reaction of salt of weak base and strong base
The reaction of ammonium chlorate and potassium hydroxide yields potassium chlorate, ammonia, and water.
Reaction of nonmetal and hydroxide base
The reaction of and potassium hydroxide yields potassium chlorate, potassium chloride, and water.
Decomposition
Decomposition of thermally decomposable substance can yield potassium chlorate.
Chemical reactions
Electrolytic dissociation
Electrolytic dissociation of potassium chlorate yields potassium ion and chlorate ion.
Reaction with reducing species
The reaction of reducing species and potassium chlorate yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizable species
The reaction of oxidizable species and potassium chlorate yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizable species under acidic condition
The reaction of oxidizable species, potassium chlorate, and hydrogen ion yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizable species under neutral condition
The reaction of oxidizable species, potassium chlorate, and water yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizing species
The reaction of potassium chlorate and oxidizing species yields a variety of products.
Reaction with hardly oxidizable species
The reaction of hardly oxidizable species and potassium chlorate yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizing species under acidic condition
The reaction of potassium chlorate, oxidizing species, and hydrogen ion yields a variety of products.
Reaction with hardly oxidizable species under acidic condition
The reaction of hardly oxidizable species, potassium chlorate, and hydrogen ion yields a variety of products.
Reaction with oxidizing species under neutral condition
The reaction of potassium chlorate, oxidizing species, and water yields a variety of products.
Reaction with hardly oxidizable species under neutral condition
The reaction of hardly oxidizable species, potassium chlorate, and water yields a variety of products.
Precipitation reaction
When a certain chemical species is present in aqueous solution, it reacts with potassium chlorate to form a precipitate.
Electrolysis of aqueous solution
Electrolysis of aqueous potassium chlorate yields a variety of products.
Molten salt electrolysis
Molten salt electrolysis of potassium chlorate yields a variety of products.
Decomposition
Decomposition of potassium chlorate yields a variety of products.
References
List of references
- 1James G. Speight (2017)Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th editionMcGraw Hill Education
- ^ Density, 2.32 g/cm3 - p.57
- ^ Melting point, 368 °C - p.57
- ^ Boiling point, >400 °C - p.57
- ^ Solubility in Water (g/100 g), See the table - p.340
- 2John R. Rumble Jr, David R. Lide, Thomas J. Bruno (2019)CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 100th EditionCRC Press
- ^ Density, 2.34 g/cm3 - p.4-48
- ^ Melting point, 357 °C - p.4-48
- ^ Boiling point, Decompose - p.4-48
- 3Janiel J. Reed (1989)The NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties: Selected Values for Inorganic and C1 and C2 Organic Substances in SI UnitsNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
- 4Atherton Seidell (1919)Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds: A Compilation of Quantitative Solubility Data From the Periodical LiteratureD. Van Nostrand Company
- 5Chemical Management CenterGHS Classification ResultsNational Institute of Technology and Evaluation
